Sarcopenia is a situation whereby there’s quantitative lack of muscle tissue. It’s outlined as ‘lack of flesh’. It’s normally an age-related degeneration which is frequent in folks over 50 years of age.
On this situation there’s gradual lack of
– muscle mass,
– muscle energy and
– muscle functioning
Because the illness progresses, the individual will discover it tough to manage up with on a regular basis actions. She or he shall meet challenges together with issue in strolling, climbing stairs or carrying heavy objects. There can even be a threat of falls and fractures.
Compared to these having wholesome and dealing muscle tissue when it comes to high quality and amount, these having sarcopenia are stated to have lowered life expectancy.
Ayurveda Understanding of Sarcopenia
Mamsa Kshaya –
Since there’s ‘muscle loss’ in sarcopenia, we will correlate it with ‘mamsa kshaya’ which additionally means muscle loss.
Sama dhatu i.e. equilibrium of tissues is without doubt one of the indicators of ‘swastha’ – full and balanced well being. So, in sarcopenia vis-à-vis mamsa kshaya there’s lack of muscle tissue and therefore is disproportional with different tissues of the physique. The lower will be particular person or relative to different tissues.
‘Sama mamsa pramana’ – a state of equilibrium or steadiness of muscle tissue when it comes to its high quality and amount has been talked about amongst the options of a wholesome individual. All our actions and actions depend upon the well being of our muscle tissue.
The signs of mamsa kshaya are –
– aksha glani – tiredness of eyes – in all probability signifies the weak spot of ocular muscle tissue i.e. the muscle tissue in and across the eyes
– ganda shushkata – dryness and emaciation of muscle tissue across the cheek / facial muscle tissue
– spik shushkata – dryness and emaciation of muscle tissue of the buttocks
– sandhi Vedana – ache within the joints of the physique (since muscle tissue are the principle help for the functioning and actions of the joints)
All these signs may mirror the medical image of sarcopenia. They point out all of the elements, i.e. lack of muscle mass, energy and functioning.
The causes and mechanism could also be as a result of a number of of –
– Vardhakya – Pure ageing – with ageing vata will increase naturally within the physique. This vata is antagonistic to the tissues that are predominantly made up of kapha, muscle being certainly one of them. Elevated vata will scale back muscle mass, energy and functioning.
– Karshya – It’s a function of vata aggravation. Karshya means emaciation or losing which displays depletion of tissues, muscle tissue on this context. Karshya whereas inflicting destruction of muscle tissue and discount of their mass could cause sarcopenia.
– Vatala Ahara Vihara – Meals and actions and practices which improve vata and reduce kapha
– Pittala Ahara Vihara – Meals and actions which improve pitta
– Ati vyayama – indulgence in an excessive amount of train, actions and adventures will harm the muscle tissue and convey about discount of their mass. In line with Ayurveda, extreme train will trigger dhatu kshaya – primarily the pathological lower of mamsa and meda (fats) tissues. This can improve vata. Subsequently there will likely be manifestation of sarcopenia and painful signs related to the identical.
– Mandagni, ajirna and ama – Sluggish digestive fireplace which can not digest even small and easy types of meals, indigestion and formation and accumulation of extreme ama within the physique – all these occasions result in insufficient formation of rasa and therefore dietary deprivation of all tissues together with muscle tissue. This can result in sarcopenia.
– Mamsavaha sroto dushti – Contamination or block of channels transporting the constructing blocks of the muscle tissue or harm to the identical will trigger mamsa kshaya. Snayu and Twak are the roots of those channels. Snayu is a time period which encompasses many constructions which additionally consists of the tendons with the assistance of which the muscle tissue connect to the bones. When these channels are contaminated, the tendons can change into weak, which additionally signifies that the muscle tissue will change into weak and should lose mass later within the course of. Damage to the foundation i.e. tendon can weaken the tree i.e. muscle tissue and result in lack of mass. That is additional substantiated by Grasp Sushruta whereby he mentions ‘mamsa shosha’ i.e. lack of muscle tissue as one of many signs of injury to the mamsavaha srotas and its roots. Collectively we will inform that when the mamsavaha srotas are injured or contaminated, they could result in lack of muscle tissue, weakening of tendons and therefore result in sarcopenia. One other symptom on this context talked about by Grasp Charaka – ‘puti mamsa’ i.e. putrefaction or decaying of muscle tissue point out contamination, an infection or inflammatory course of and inflammatory ailments affecting the muscle tissue resulting in their suppuration, lack of mass and therefore sarcopenia. Raktavahi dhamanis i.e. arteries are additionally the roots of mamsavaha srotas in keeping with Sushruta. This suggests that when blood vessels / arteries supplying the muscle tissue are injured, the muscle tissue will likely be depleted of vitamins and oxygen. This can result in lack of muscle mass and subsequent manifestation of sarcopenia.
– Rasa Kshaya – Raukshya – dryness, shrama – weak spot, shosha – loss or depletion or emaciation, glani – fatigue – have been talked about amongst the signs of rasa kshaya i.e. pathological lower of rasa tissue. Since it’s the tissue from which the opposite tissues are fashioned, its qualitative and quantitative steadiness and well being will mirror the well being of different tissues. Rasa Kshaya signs positively apply to the reason of lack of muscle tissue and subsequent signs and manifestation of sarcopenia in later stage.
– Rakta Kshaya – Depletion of or pathological lower of blood tissue may result in mamsa kshaya – sarcopenia since muscle is the following tissue fashioned within the chronology, after blood, as per Ayurveda. This can be inferred as sarcopenia prompted as a result of decreased blood and diet provide to the muscle tissue.
– Medo Kshaya – Krishangata i.e. emaciation or lack of muscle mass has been talked about amongst the signs of depletion of or pathological lower of fats tissue.
– Avyayama – Not exercising the muscle tissue in any respect will put them in a state of disuse atrophy. The muscle tissue will get weak and should progress in direction of sarcopenia. Trendy drugs additionally opines that this can be a threat issue for sarcopenia.
– Anashana – Fasting past one’s capability, frequent therapeutic hunger and never getting the diet as a lot as one wants, i.e. malnutrition could cause depletion of muscle tissue resulting in sarcopenia.
Different circumstances
Many persistent ailments and syndromes might trigger lack of muscle mass and change into liable for sarcopenia. Trendy drugs too has defined a big selection of ailments which could trigger sarcopenia.
a. Rajayakshama
It’s a syndrome of many signs, every of which is a illness by itself. The causes of Rajayakshma embrace –
– Vegarodha – forcibly withholding of pure physique urges – which is the principle reason behind vata aggravation and its irregular upward motion which may trigger big selection of ailments together with lack of muscle loss and sarcopenia
– Kshaya – irregular deterioration of tissues which causes pathological improve of vata. Kshaya additionally consists of lower or lack of muscle mass.
– Sahasa – extreme train, as already mentioned, causes aggravation of vata which afflicts the muscle tissue to trigger sarcopenia
– Vishamashana – irregular and erratic meals selections which may trigger aggravation of vata and tridoshas which additional could cause destruction of tissues, together with muscle tissue, resulting in sarcopenia
The pathogenesis of Rajayakshma explains – The doshas, predominantly kapha, would trigger a block of channels of rasa and would trigger depletion of the following tissues resulting in extreme grade of dhatu destruction. The opposite pathway is – in those that are indulged excessively in sexual actions, there will likely be extreme depletion of semen and retrograde depletion and destruction of all of the dhatus. Each these pathways would trigger extreme grade of dhatu destruction and trigger Rajayakshma.
Rajayakshma is a syndrome which encompasses many ailments defined in fashionable drugs together with tuberculosis, AIDS, COPD, Most cancers, and many others all of which can trigger extreme grades of tissue destruction resulting in circumstances like sarcopenia.
Rajayakshma can also be in comparison with one other situation known as cachexia which implies losing. Trendy drugs additionally opines that cachexia is a threat issue for sarcopenia. Most cancers, whose signs additionally resemble rajayakshma, can also be a threat issue for sarcopenia and so does HIV and COPD.
b. Shosha
It’s a comparable situation of the strains of Rajayakshma. It manifests with destruction of tissues and subsequent emaciation and dryness of the physique. There are lots of forms of Shosha and all of them could cause sarcopenia. Shosha is prompted as a result of extreme train, grief, ageing, sexual indulgence, strolling, accidents and wounds and chest accidents. That is additionally a syndrome and includes a big selection of ailments which might have an effect on the muscle tissue in the long term.
c. Mamsa Dhatvagni Vriddhi
Extreme improve of mamsa dhatu agni – tissue fireplace of muscle tissue will result in muscle burnouts and muscle destruction in the long term which can result in sarcopenia.
d. Mamsagata Vata – When the aggravated vata will get localized within the muscle tissue, it’ll begin damaging and destroying the muscle tissue. This can result in many painful circumstances of the muscle tissue and circumstances like sarcopenia.
e. Vata Vyadhi – Generally, any vata vyadhi might accompany and current with muscle loss resulting in sarcopenia.
From Causes and Danger issue perspective
Although the pure ageing course of is the first reason behind sarcopenia, many different threat elements are stated to be contributory. Allow us to examine a couple of threat elements talked about in Trendy drugs from Ayurveda perspective.
Bodily exercise – good train is nice for muscle well being. Extreme indulgence in train will trigger vata aggravation and subsequent lack of tissues as a result of affliction of aggravated vata. The muscle tissue too will get into the harm line of extreme bodily exercise and there happens muscle loss resulting in sarcopenia. Alternatively extreme bodily exercise or workouts could cause harm and destruction (loss) of muscle tissue and different tissues which subsequently causes irregular improve of vata. This vata additional damages the tissues and causes a big selection of issues together with sarcopenia.
Weight problems – In a situation named ‘Medoroga’ which describes the ailments prompted as a result of errors of fats metabolism, which incorporates weight problems, it has been stated ‘Medasavruta Margatvat Pushyanti Anye Na Dhatavaha’ which implies ‘when the channels of the physique are occluded by the extreme fats deposits, no different tissue of the physique is nourished’. So, the muscle tissue can also be nourished in case of weight problems and circumstances prompted as a result of extreme fats. This will trigger sarcopenia.
Power Illnesses – Because of a number of elements, muscle loss takes place in persistent ailments. These might embrace decreased digestive energy, much less manufacturing of nutritive juices and fewer nourishment of tissues together with muscle tissue, harm of dhatus – tissues brought on by aggravated doshas, blockage of channels of transportation and many others.
Malnutrition – Meals is the supply for upkeep of well being of all of the tissues, together with mamsa – muscle tissue. The ahara rasa – juicy extract of all meals correctly digested by the digestive fireplace within the abdomen – circulates all through the physique and nourishes all of the tissues, together with muscle tissue. When the individual doesn’t take meals in correct high quality and amount in relation to what’s required of the physique, the essence of digestion can also be fashioned inadequately. This won’t suffice to nourish all of the tissues. Within the course of, there’s insufficient nourishment and help to the muscle tissue. This results in lack of muscle and discount of muscle bulk. All these occasions might result in sarcopenia.
Diabetes Mellitus – Sarcopenia is a complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Pishita or mamsa – muscle tissue is without doubt one of the dushyas i.e. contaminant – tissue which is concerned within the pathogenesis of prameha vis-à-vis diabetes mellitus. Prameha can also be stated to be a illness which is predominantly brought on by vitiation of medovaha srotas – fats conveying channels. Weight problems and errors of fats metabolism are associated with diabetes and diabetes with sarcopenia. Trendy drugs has thought-about diabetes mellitus as one of many threat elements in sarcopenia.
Coronary heart failure – Coronary heart failure is alleged to be one of many threat elements for sarcopenia. Hridaya vis-à-vis coronary heart is the foundation of rasavaha srotas – channels conveying diet and pranavaha srotas – channels conveying oxygen and important life power to each cell, together with mamsa i.e. muscle tissue. Hridaya can also be a marma – important organ. Any harm or dysfunction of the center might deprive diet to the muscle tissue and may trigger muscle loss and therefore result in manifestation of sarcopenia.
From the signs perspective
A lot of the signs of sarcopenia are as a result of vata afflicting the muscle tissue and inflicting their destruction and depletion.
| Sl No | Signs of Sarcopenia | Dhatu concerned | Dosha concerned |
| 1 | Problem in doing each day actions | Mamsa | Vata |
| 2 | Strolling slowly | Mamsa | Vata |
| 3 | Hassle climbing stairs | Mamsa | Vata |
| 4 | Poor steadiness | Mamsa | Vata |
| 5 | Frequent falls and fractures | Mamsa, Asthi | Vata |
| 6 | Lack of stamina | Mamsa | Vata |
| 7 | Lower in muscle measurement | Mamsa | Vata |
Ayurveda Therapy Rules for Sarcopenia
Common Rules of Administration
Nidana Parivarjana – Avoidance of causative elements ought to be insisted upon as the primary line of administration in sarcopenia. Vata and pitta aggravating meals, actions and behaviours ought to be averted. Extreme train, sexual indulgence, sedentary life and unplanned hunger or obsessive hunger ought to be averted.
Ahara – One ought to devour correct high quality and amount of meals in accordance with their compatibility, time, season and place of dwelling.
Addressing Ama and Agni – If errors of metabolism and digestion as discovered with agni variations are evident, they shall be addressed promptly. Therapy for ama ought to be administered as and when presence of ama and its signs are famous. Indicators of srotodushti in relation to rasa, rakta, mamsa and medovaha srotas ought to be famous and if current shall be handled promptly.
Rules of administration of Mamsa Kshaya
Beneath talked about are the important thing ideas in successfully dealing with sarcopenia –
i. Combating Vata – Therapies, medicines and meals to steadiness vata are very a lot important in treating sarcopenia. When vata will get balanced, muscle mass, energy and functioning – every thing will enhance. Care ought to be taken to diagnose the situation as early as attainable and deal with it. Since this can be a illness of outdated age and outdated age is predominant with vata and vata actions you will need to deal with vata aggravation in muscle tissue, when medical signs of the identical are discovered, within the earliest phases of their manifestation. As soon as the illness is established, and the signs are extreme and the illness turns into persistent, it is vitally tough to remedy sarcopenia. Vata ailments change into very robust to deal with when manifested in outdated age and is of persistent nature and extra so, whether it is related to problems.
ii. Brimhana – The nourishment of muscle tissue is the important thing precept of treating sarcopenia vis-à-vis mamsa kshaya. Meals, medicines and therapies that are bulk selling and nourishing shall be administered.
iii. Balya – Medicines, meals and therapies to strengthen the muscle tissue and enhance their actions and actions.
iv. Rasayana – Medicines and meals which assist in enriching, supporting and strengthening the tissues, works on anti-ageing and rejuvenation precept and are immune modulators shall be administered. They not solely enhance restoration but additionally stop additional muscle loss and recurrence of signs.
Exterior Therapies
Beneath talked about exterior therapies are extraordinarily useful in sarcopenia –
– Abhyanga – natural oil therapeutic massage with oils ready with vata assuaging and muscle nourishing herbs, Ex – Ksheerabala Taila, Ashwagandha Bala Lakshadi Taila, Dhanvantara Taila, Mahamasha Taila, Mahanarayana Taila, Sahachara Taila, Prasarinyadi Taila
– Dhara – showering in streams of medicated oils over the physique, the identical oils talked about in abhyanga shall be used for dhara additionally
– Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda – Bolus sudation ready with paddy (rice) grown in sixty days processed in medicated decoctions and milk and tied in a bolus.
Panchakarma Therapies
Vasti – medicated natural enemas – oil and decoction and milk based mostly – to fight vata and strengthen muscle tissue. It is usually preventive and causes rejuvenation. Vatahara and Brimhana Vastis ought to be administered on this course. Erandamuladi Kashaya Vasti, Dashamula Kashaya Vasti, Dashamula Ksheera Vasti, Raja Yapana Vasti, Mustadi Yapana Vasti are the very best selections. For unctuous enema – Ashwagandha Ghritam, Brihat Chagalyadi Ghrita, Ksheerabala Taila, Guggulutiktaka Ghritam, Mahamasha Taila, Sahacharadi Tailam, Bala Tailam, are the very best selections.
Virechana – medicated purgation, ought to be administered to expel morbid pitta and management irritation.
Different Therapy Rules
Remedies ought to be given in relation to the under talked about issues as and when they’re discovered to be causal for sarcopenia –
– Karshya
– Vata Vyadhi
– Sthoulya and Medo Roga
– Rajayakshma
– Shosha
– Prameha
– Hrdroga
– Shwasa
– Mamsagata Vata
– Vata Vyadhi
– Amavata and Sandhigata Vata
– Mamsa Dhatu Agni Vriddhi
Helpful herbs in Sarcopenia
– Ashwagandha – Withania somnifera
– Bala – Sida cordifolia
– Atibala – Abutilon indicum
– Shallaki – Boswellia serrata
– Devadaru – Cedrus deodara
– Punarnava – Boerhavia diffusa,
– Shatavari – Asparagus racemosus
– Eranda – Ricinus communis
– Guduchi – Tinospora cordifolia
– Rasna – Pluchea lanceolata
– Dashamula
Helpful formulations
– Maharasnadi Kashayam
– Sahacharadi Kashayam
– Prasarinyadi Kashayam
– Rasonadi Kashayam
– Balaguluchyadi Kashayam
– Dashamula Kashayam
– Drakshadi Kashayam
– Ashwagandha Churnam
– Ashwagandha Rasayanam
– Ajamamsa Rasayanam
– Ajashwagandha Rasayanam
– Balarishtam
– Ashwagandharishtam
– Dashamularishtam
