Article by Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa S, B.A.M.S
AIAPGET Factors
- सर्वस्त्रिदोषोऽधिकदोषलिङ्गैस्तच्छब्दमभ्येति भिषग्जितं च||Cha.Chi.12. All Shothas are attributable to Tridoshas however they’re named on the premise of predominant dosha concerned within the pathogenesis of a selected kind of shotha.
- Shvayathu and Shopha are synonyms of Shotha.
- The colour of Vataja Shotha is Aruna-Asita. The color of Pittaja Shotha is Asita-Pita-Raga. The color of Kaphaja Shotha is Pandu varna.
- Particular options of Vataja Shotha – a. Prashamyati Pronnamati Prapidito – Pits on stress however it rapidly rises to the floor & b. Divabali – will increase and is distinguished throughout day time
- Particular options of Pittaja Shotha – a. Ushyate – Has extreme burning sensation, b. Spashta Ruk – clearcut ache & c. Pakavan – tends to suppurate
- Particular options of Kaphaja Shotha – a. Krichra Janma Prashamo – this swelling happens slowly i.e. takes loads of time to manifest and on the identical time takes loads of time to go away. b. Nipidito Na Cha Unnamed – when pressed the pitting stays for a very long time and it takes loads of time for the pit to vanish and the swelling to return again to the floor – persistent swelling & c. Ratribali – will increase and is distinguished throughout night time time
Shotha which suggests swelling or edema, which might both be inflammatory or non-inflammatory in origin has been defined intimately in Ayurveda together with detailed remedy protocol. Shotha may be brought on both by aggravated doshas – Ninja Shotha or because of exterior components like harm, publicity to toxins or allergens and so forth – Agantuja Shotha. Ayurveda has defined every of the several types of shotha with their pathogenesis, signs and administration. However it is vitally essential to establish the reason for swelling or predominant dosha which is inflicting the shotha. Solely then, trigger particular and dosha particular remedy may be deliberate. On this article we’ll look in direction of diagnosing shotha on the premise of their dosha predominance.
Be aware – Shotha can be referred to as SHVAYATHU or SHOPHA.
Identification and Analysis of Shotha based mostly on predominant dosha / doshas concerned
Shvayathu or Shotha is marked by swelling or edema which seems within the type of utsedha – irregular elevation of the pores and skin or tissues. Whereas talking about Nija forms of Shotha, they come up because of vitiation of three doshas i.e. vata, pitta and / or kapha. There’s usually involvement of rakta – blood and sira avarodha i.e. obstruction in circulatory channels / blood vessels of the physique. Shotha is undoubtedly attributable to the involvement of all of the three doshas i.e. vata, pitta and kapha however they’re primarily recognized and named after the predominant dosha which determines particular group of signs within the shvayathu. This classification is the hallmark function of Ayurveda’s description of illnesses and aids in prognosis and remedy of illnesses.
Major classification of Shotha / Shwayathu from Classical Texts
Many of the main Ayurveda texts, primarily Brihat Trayis have labeled Shotha into three primary sorts based mostly on dosha predominance. They’re –
Vataja Shotha
That is attributable to predominantly aggravated vata.
Signs –
– Chala – swelling is movable
– Tough, dry and skinny pores and skin,
– Aruna Asita – Golden brown / Dusky-brown or blackish in color
– Swelling is movable
– The swelling pits on stress however rapidly regains form (surfaces again)
– Divabali – swelling will increase primarily throughout day time
– Swelling subsides spontaneously
Traits of the swelling –
– Swelling is movable
– Prashamyati Pronnamati Prapidito – Pits on stress however it rapidly rises to the floor
– Divabali – will increase and is distinguished throughout day time
Related components –
– Horripilation / goosebumps
– Numbness
– Discomfort,
– Completely different sorts of ache,
Pittaja Shotha
That is attributable to predominantly aggravated pitta.
Indicators and Signs –
– Swelling is clean on contact,
– Has peculiar kind of scent – Sagandho
– Has blackish, pink or yellow tint
– Fast onset of swelling
Traits of Swelling –
– Scorching on contact,
– Ushyate – Has extreme burning sensation
– Spashta Ruk – clearcut ache
– Pakavan – tends to suppurate
– Spreads rapidly
– Non-pitting or barely pitting in nature
Related options –
– Burning sensation
– Raised warmth
– Thirst, fever, sweating,
– Giddiness,
– Intoxication
– Akshi Ragakrut – redness of the eyes
Kaphaja Shotha
That is attributable to predominantly aggravated kapha.
Indicators and Signs –
– Swelling is chilly,
– Pale or whitish in shade
– Clean
– Pores and skin over swelling is oily
– Presence of heaviness, itching
– Onset of swelling is gradual and secure
– Has stiffness
Traits of swelling –
– Krichra Janma Prashamo – this swelling happens slowly i.e. takes lot of time to manifest and on the identical time takes lot of time to go away
– Nipidito Na Cha Unnamed – when pressed the pitting stays for very long time and it takes lot of time for the pit to vanish and the swelling to return again to the floor – persistent swelling
– Ratribali – will increase and is distinguished throughout night time time
– Is agency
– Persistent
– Heavy
– Steady
Related options –
– Extreme salivation,
– Extreme sleep
– Sluggish digestion
Be aware
Aside from these primary doshic forms of Shotha, the illness can be manifested because of
– the mix of two doshas – dvidoshaja or samsargaja shotha (instance – vata-pittaja shotha, pitta-kaphaja shotha and so forth) and
– the mix of all three doshas – tridoshaja shotha, which is a extreme type of shotha
The signs of two or three doshas concerned within the pathogenesis of such shothas will probably be discovered manifested in combined proportions.
Different kinds of Shotha are
– Ekanga Shotha – localized swelling and
– Sarvanga Shotha – generalized swelling
As already talked about, Agantuja Shotha is brought on because of exterior components like harm, bites of animals and so forth.
Samhita References and Spotlight Factors concerning Shotha – Doshic sorts
-
Charaka Samhita
Ref – Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 12 – Shvayathu Chikitsa Adhyaya & Charaka Sutra Sthana Chapter 18
Vital factors –
– All shothas contain tridoshas however the naming of every shotha has been finished on the premise of predominant dosha concerned in causation of shotha
– Detailed signs are enumerated in Chapter 12, verse 12 of Chikitsa Sthana
– Vataja Shotha – is tough, dry, dusky, pitting however will rapidly get well / Pittaja Shotha – is scorching and is burning or has burning sensation / Kaphaja Shotha – is chilly, heavy and secure
– Prognosis – Shotha attributable to one dosha involvement, of current origin and manifesting in robust affected person is curable
– Remedy rules – The power of the affected person and illness, dosha and season needs to be assessed. Langhana, Pachana and Shodhana are the principle rules of remedy.
-
Sushruta Samhita
Vital factors –
– Sushruta Samhita emphasizes on discussing Vrana Shotha – inflammatory swellings and Agantuja Shotha – traumatic sorts
– Sushruta has additionally labeled shotha on dosha predominance with concentrate on surgical features, examples – abscesses and tumours
– The dosha signs in doshic shotha align with clarification of Acharya Charaka – Vataja kind is tough and movable, Pittaja kind is scorching and spreading and Kaphaja kind is agency and heavy
– The treatise usually correlates agantuja shotha i.e. exogenous swellings with abhighataja i.e. these brought on because of harm
-
Ashtanga Hrdaya
Vital factors –
– Follows methodology of clarification of Acharya Charaka and Sushruta, has combined excerpts from these texts
– Classification of Shotha has been finished as Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja and so forth. with signs much like these defined in Charaka Samhita
– Further emphasis has been given on the subtypes and combos of doshas. Remedy of shotha mirrors dosha pacification and dosha-specific strategy.
Different texts like Madhava Nidana have adopted comparable patterns of explaining Shotha as these of Brihat Trayis.
Possible Fashionable Interpretations and Correlations
Vataja Shotha – usually correlates with non-pitting edema. It might be brought on because of neurological or cardiac causes like coronary heart failure or peripheral neuropathy. The swelling is fluctuating and has dry pores and skin over and round it.
Pittaja Shotha – may be correlated with inflammatory edema as present in acute infections, liver illnesses like hepatitis inflicting ascites and so forth.
Kaphaja Shotha – correlates with pitting edema usually ensuing from renal points like nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, lymphatic obstruction and so forth. It presents with fluid retention and heaviness.
Simply earlier than ending
General, Shotha may be grossly seen as being attributable to fluid imbalance because of dosha vitiation affecting rasa dhatu and channels of circulation (srotas). From the trendy viewpoint the doshic forms of shotha may be correlated with situations like congestive coronary heart failure (vata dominant), cirrhosis (pitta dominant) or power kidney illness (kapha dominant).
This dosha-based strategy in direction of prognosis of various sorts of Shotha makes means for customized identification and administration of shotha emphasizing correction of root-causes over symptomatic reduction. This may assist Ayurveda physicians to correctly diagnose and categorize the shothas below the brackets of dosha or doshas concerned which is the inspiration for complete dosha-specific remedy approaches together with choice and administration of herbs, formulations, therapies and dietetic protocols.
